Bearing failure in a manual gearbox usually comes down to one of two causes: degraded oil that no longer protects the bearing surfaces, or a bearing that has simply reached the end of its service life under sustained load. When a bearing fails, the steel balls fragment out of the race and begin circulating through the oil. The metallic debris accelerates wear on every other surface the oil reaches.
A cracked shift bracket is a separate failure, but it is often found together with bearing damage because the two share the same environment: a gearbox under mechanical stress. A cracked bracket makes precise gear selection impossible and can lock out gears entirely, which is what had happened to this GTI.
Catching bearing wear early, through regular gearbox oil changes and attention to any grumbling noise under load, gives the best chance of avoiding a full overhaul. Once the bearing has fragmented and contaminated the oil, the damage is widespread and a rebuild is the only proper fix.